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Fortinet NSE7_NST-7.2 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 11
There are four exchanges during IKEv2 negotiation.
Which sequence is correct?
- A. lnit_Req, Wait_lnit_Req,ID_Auth_Req and Create_CHILD_SA
- B. IKE_SAJNIT, IKE_Auth, Create_CHILD_SA and Informational
- C. IKE_Proposal,ID_Auth, PiggyBack_CHILD and Informational
- D. INIT_Re, INIT_Auth,ID_Child and SET_Nonce
Answer: B
Explanation:
* IKE_SA_INIT:
* This is the first exchange in IKEv2. It establishes a secure, authenticated channel between peers and negotiates cryptographic algorithms and keys.
* IKE_Auth:
* The second exchange authenticates the IKE SA (Security Association) using the previously negotiated keys and algorithms. This exchange also establishes the first IPsec SA.
* Create_CHILD_SA:
* This exchange creates additional IPsec SAs after the initial authentication. It can also be used to rekey existing IPsec SAs to maintain security.
* Informational:
* This is a generic exchange used for various purposes such as error notification, deletion of SAs, and other control messages.
References:
* Fortinet Community: IKEv2 packet exchanges and troubleshooting
* Fortinet Documentation: IPsec VPN Concepts
NEW QUESTION # 12
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time RADIUS debug.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
- A. Two-factor authentication was required.
- B. The RADIUS server queried for authentication is located at IP address 172.25.188.164.
- C. Authentication was successful
- D. Authentication was unsuccessful.
- E. The authentication scheme used was pop3.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
* RADIUS Server IP Address:
* The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164.
This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.
* Authentication Result:
* The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.
* Authentication Scheme:
* The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).
* Two-factor Authentication:
* There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which three common FortiGate-to-collector-agent connectivity issues can you identifyusing the FSSO real-time debug?(Choose three.)
- A. Inability to reach IP address of the collector agent.
- B. Mismatched pre-shared password.
- C. Log is full on the collector agent.
- D. Incompatible collector agent software version.
- E. Refused connection. Potential mismatch of TCP port.
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
* Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.
* Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.
* Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
NEW QUESTION # 14
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session table entry.
Which statement about FortiGate behavior relating to this session is true?
- A. FortiGate redirected the client to the captive portal to authenticate, so that a correct policy match could be made.
- B. FortiGate is performing a security profile inspection using the CPU.
- C. FortiGate forwarded this session without any inspection.
- D. FortiGate applied only IPS inspection to this session.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The session table entry provided shows detailed information about a specific network session passing through the FortiGate device. From the session details, we can see that the session has various attributes such as state, protocol, policy, and inspection details.
* The session state (proto_state=11) indicates that the session is being actively processed and inspected.
* Thenpd_state=00000000suggests that the session is being handled by the CPU rather than offloaded to a Network Processor (NP).
* The session is marked for security profile inspection, evident from the detailed byte/packet counts and other session parameters.
From these indicators, it's clear that FortiGate is using its CPU to perform security profile inspection on this session rather than simply forwarding the traffic without inspection or relying solely on IPS inspection.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Session Table
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Session Table
NEW QUESTION # 15
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of a diagnose command.
Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The remote gateway IP is 10.200.5.1.
- B. Anti-replay is enabled.
- C. The remote gateway has quick more selectors containing a destination subnet of 10.1.2.0/24.
- D. DPD is disabled.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
* Remote Gateway IP:
* The output shows10.200.5.1as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.
* Quick Mode Selectors:
* The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output showssrc:
0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0anddst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.
* DPD (Dead Peer Detection):
* DPD is shown asmode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.
* Anti-replay:
* The output includesreplaywin=2048andreplaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides
NEW QUESTION # 16 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the modified output of the routing kernel.
Which statement is true?
- A. The default static route through port2 is in the forwarding information base.
- B. The default static route through 10.200.1.254 is not in the forwarding information base.
- C. The BGP route to 10.0.4.0/24 is not in the forwarding information base.
- D. The egress interface associated with static route 8.8.8.8/32 is administratively up.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The routing table shown in the exhibit lists all the routes known to the FortiGate device. It includes routes learned through different protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and static routes.
* The entryS * 0.0.0.0/0 [20/0] via 10.200.2.254, port2, [5/0]indicates that there is a static route to the default gateway (0.0.0.0/0) throughport2with a gateway IP of10.200.2.254.
* The asterisk*next to the route signifies that this route is selected and currently active in the forwarding information base (FIB). This means the FortiGate uses this route to forward packets destined for addresses not otherwise specified in the routing table.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Routing Table
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Routing
NEW QUESTION # 17
Refer to the exhibit.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which changes must the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24?
- A. Modify the default gateway on thelaptop from 10.1.0.2 to 10.2.0.2
- B. A firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
- C. Change the configuration from strict RPF check mode to feasible RPF check mode
- D. Enable asymmetric routing under config system settings.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Current Configuration Analysis:
* The firewall policy currently allows ICMP traffic from port1 to port3, enabling the ICMP echo request to reach the server.
* However, for the server to send an ICMP echo reply back to the laptop, the traffic must be allowed from port3 to port1.
* Required Configuration:
* To ensure the server at10.4.0.1/24can send the ICMP echo reply back to the laptop at10.1.0.1/24, the administrator needs to configure a new firewall policy.
* The policy must explicitly allow ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Steps to Configure:
* Access the FortiGate configuration interface.
* Navigate to the Firewall Policy section.
* Create a new policy allowing ICMP traffic from port3 to port1.
* Save and apply the new policy to ensure bidirectional ICMP traffic is permitted.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* FortiGate Firewall Policy Configuration Guides
NEW QUESTION # 18
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which contains the partial output of the get vpn ipsec tunnel details command. Based on the output, which two statements are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02
- B. Anti-replay is enabled.
- C. The npu_flag for this tunnel is 03.
- D. Different SPI values are a result of auto-negotiation being disabled for phase 2 selectors.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
* Anti-replay Enabled:
* The exhibit showsreplay: enabled, which confirms that anti-replay is enabled for this IPsec tunnel. Anti-replay is a security feature that prevents replay attacks by ensuring that packets are not duplicated or reused.
* NPU Acceleration:
* TheNPU acceleration: encryption (outbound) decryption (inbound)line indicates that Network Processing Unit (NPU) acceleration is used.
* The npu_flag for this tunnel is 02. This indicates that encryption and decryption are handled by the NPU, improving the performance of the VPN tunnel.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting IPsec VPN Tunnels(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Verifying IPsec VPN Tunnels(Fortinet Docs)(Fortinet Docs).
NEW QUESTION # 19
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionlist.
If the HA ID for the primary device is0. what happens if the primary failsand the secondary becomes the primary?
- A. Traffic for this session continues to be permitted on the new primary device after failover. without requiring the client to restart the session with the server.
- B. The session will be removed from the session table of the secondary device because of the presence of allowed errorpackets, which will force the client to restart the session with the server.
- C. The secondary device has this session synchronized; however, because application control is applied, the session is marked dirty and has to be re-evaluated after failover.
- D. The session state is preserved but the kernel will need to re-evaluate the session because NAT was applied.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Session Synchronization:
* FortiGate HA (High Availability) ensures that active sessions are synchronized between the primary and secondary devices. This synchronization allows for seamless failover and continuity of sessions.
* Handling NAT Sessions:
* The session in the exhibit has NAT applied, as indicated by thehook=post dir=org act=snatentry.
FortiGate's HA setup is designed to handle such sessions, ensuring that traffic continues without interruption during failover.
* Session Preservation:
* Even with the presence of NAT, the session state is preserved across the HA devices. This means that ongoing sessions do not require re-establishment by the client, thus providing a seamless experience.
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: HA session synchronization and failover
* Fortinet Community: Understanding session synchronization in FortiGate HA
NEW QUESTION # 20
Referto the exhibit, which shows oneway communication of the downstream FortiGate with the upstream FortiGate within a Security Fabric.
What three actions must you take to ensure successful communication? (Choose three.)
- A. FortiGate must not be in NAT mode.
- B. Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way
- C. You must enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate.
- D. You must authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate.
- E. Ensure the port for Neighbor Discovery has been changed.
Answer: B,C,D
Explanation:
The exhibit shows a sniffer capture where TCP port 8013 is being used for communication. The communication appears one-way, indicating potential issues with the upstream FortiGate receiving the necessary packets or being able to respond.
To ensure successful communication in a Security Fabric setup:
* Ensure TCP port 8013 is not blocked along the way: Verify that no firewalls or network devices between the downstream and upstream FortiGates are blocking TCP port 8013. This port is crucial for Security Fabric communication.
* Authorize the downstream FortiGate on the root FortiGate: In the Security Fabric, the root FortiGate must recognize and authorize the downstream FortiGate to allow proper communication and management.
* Enable Security Fabric/Fortitelemetry on the receiving interface of the upstream FortiGate: The upstream FortiGate must have the Security Fabric or Fortitelemetry enabled on the interface that receives the communication from the downstream FortiGate. This enables proper data exchange and monitoring within the Security Fabric.
References
* Fortinet Documentation on Security Fabric Configuration
* Fortinet Community Discussion on Port Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 21 
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
- A. FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events.
- B. The logon event can be seen on the collector agent installed on Windows.
- C. FSSO is using DC agent mode to detect logon events.
- D. The workstation with IP 10.124.2.90 will be polled frequently using TCP port 445 to see if the user is still logged on
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.
* DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.
References:
* Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Fortinet GURU).
NEW QUESTION # 22
What is the diagnosetest applicationipsmonitor 5 command used for?
- A. To restart all IPS engines and monitors
- B. To provide information regarding IPS sessions
- C. To disable the IPS engine
- D. To enable IPS bypass mode
Answer: A
Explanation:
The commanddiagnose test application ipsmonitor 5is used to restart all IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) engines and monitors on the FortiGate device. This command is part of the diagnostic tools available for troubleshooting and maintaining the IPS functionality on the FortiGate.
* Running this command forces the IPS system to reset and reinitialize, which can be useful in situations where the IPS functionality appears to be malfunctioning or not responding correctly.
* This action helps in clearing any issues that might have arisen due to internal errors or misconfigurations, ensuring that the IPS engines operate correctly after the restart.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of FortiOS kernel slabs.
Which statement is true?
- A. The total slab size of the sctp_session slab is 0 kB and is associated with the user space
- B. The total slab size of the ip6_session slab is 1300 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- C. The total slab size of the tcp_sessior. slab Is 7500 kB and is associated with the kernel.
- D. The total slab size of the ip_session slab is 3600 kB and is associated with the user space.
Answer: B
Explanation:
* Kernel Slabs Overview:
* The slab allocator in the Linux kernel is used for efficient memory management. It groups objects of the same type into caches, which are divided into slabs.
* Each slab contains multiple objects and helps to minimize fragmentation and enhance memory allocation efficiency.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit shows output related to various kernel slab caches.
* The line forip6_sessionindicates that there are 1300 kB allocated for this slab, which means the total memory size allocated for IPv6 session objects in the kernel is 1300 kB.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of kernel slab allocation and usage(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
* Linux Kernel Documentation: Slab Allocator details(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true?
- A. proto state=01 indicates one-way ICMP traffic.
- B. proto_state=00 indicates that UDP traffic flows in both directions.
- C. proto_state=10 indicates an established TCP session.
- D. proto_state-01 indicates an established TCP session.
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Understanding protocol states:
* proto_state=00: Indicates no traffic or a closed session.
* proto_state=01: Typically indicates one-way ICMP traffic or a partially established TCP session.
* proto_state=10: Indicates an established TCP session, where the session has completed the three-way handshake and both sides can send and receive data.
* proto_state=11: Often indicates a fully established and active bidirectional session.
* Explanation of correct answer:
* proto_state=10is the correct indication for an established TCP session as it signifies that the session is fully established and active.
References
* Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation
* Fortinet Firewall Protocol State Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 25
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator is attempting to advertise the network configured on port3. However, FGT-A is not receiving the prefix.
Which two actions can the administrator take to fix this problem'' (Choose two.)
- A. Manually add the BGP route on FGT-A.
- B. Restart BGP using a soft reset, which forces both peers to exchange their complete BGP routing tables.
- C. Use the set network-import-check disable command.
- D. Modify the prefix using the network command from 172.16.0.0/16 to 172.16.54.0724.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
* Soft Reset of BGP:
* Performing a soft reset of BGP is a common method to resolve issues where prefixes are not being
* received. It forces both BGP peers to resend their complete routing tables to each other.
* This can be done using the command:execute router clear bgp soft inandexecute router clear bgp soft out.
* Network Import Check:
* Thenetwork-import-checkcommand controls whether the FortiGate should verify that the prefix exists in the routing table before advertising it.
* Disabling this check can resolve issues where valid prefixes are not advertised due to stringent verification.
* The command to disable this is:config router bgp set network-import-check disable end.
* BGP Configuration Verification:
* Ensure that the BGP configuration on FGT-B is correctly set to advertise the network
172.16.54.0/24.
* Verify that the network statement is correctly configured and matches the intended prefix.
References:
* Fortinet Community: Technical Note on Configuring BGP(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!).
* Fortinet Documentation: Configuring BGP on FortiGate(Fortinet Document Library).
NEW QUESTION # 26
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose syssessionstat. Which statement about the output shown in the exhibit is correct?
- A. There are 166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake.
- B. There are two sessions that have not been removed in case of any out-of-order packets that arrive.
- C. AII the sessions in the session table are TCP sessions.
- D. 162 sessions have been deleted because of memory page exhaustion.
Answer: A
Explanation:
* Session Table Overview:
* The session table in FortiOS tracks all active and pending sessions. It includes details like the type of session (TCP, UDP, etc.), status, and statistics.
* Interpreting the Exhibit:
* The exhibit from thediagnose sys session statcommand shows detailed session statistics.
* The specific value indicating "166 TCP sessions waiting to complete the three-way handshake" reflects the number of sessions that have initiatedbut not yet completed the TCP three-way handshake process (SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK).
References:
* Fortinet Documentation: Understanding and troubleshooting session tables(Hammertux).
* Fortinet Community: Explanation of session states and statistics(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)(Hammertux).
NEW QUESTION # 27
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